I. Extraction from Lubricating Oil Fractions Obtained by Crude Oil Distillation Solvent Refining: Firstly, crude oil is distilled to obtain lubricating oil fractions. Then, solvents are used to refine the lubricating oil fractions to remove impurities and unwanted components. Solvent Dewaxing or Wax Freeze Crystallization: Next, the refined lubricating oil fractions undergo solvent dewaxing or wax freeze crystallization. Solvent dewaxing involves adding specific solvents to reduce the solubility of wax components in the solvent, causing them to precipitate out. Wax freeze crystallization, on the other hand, involves lowering the temperature to cause the wax components to crystallize and precipitate at low temperatures. Press Dewaxing: The mixture after solvent dewaxing or wax freeze crystallization undergoes press dewaxing to further remove wax components. Deoiling and Refining: Finally, the wax paste obtained from press dewaxing undergoes deoiling to remove residual oil. Afterwa...