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chemical properties of benzyl chloride

 Benzyl chloride, also known as benzyl chloride or α-chlorotoluene, possesses distinct chemical properties. Here is a detailed overview of its chemical properties in English:

Chemical Properties of Benzyl Chloride

  1. Physical State and Appearance:
    • Benzyl chloride is a colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid.
    • It has a strong, pungent, and irritating odor.
  2. Molecular Formula and Structure:
    • Molecular formula: C7H7Cl
    • Molecular weight: 126.59 (or 126.583, depending on the precision)
    • It is a compound formed when one hydrogen atom of benzene is replaced by a chloromethyl group.
  3. Solubility:
    • It is insoluble in water.
    • It is miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and ether.
  4. Physical Constants:
    • Density: 1.10 g/cm³ (at 25°C)
    • Melting point: -39°C
    • Boiling point: 179°C
    • Flashpoint: 67°C (closed cup)
    • Refractive index: 36.01 (molar)
    • Molar volume: 117.1 cm³/mol
    • Surface tension: 33.8 dyne/cm
    • Polarizability: 14.27 (10^-24 cm³)
  5. Chemical Reactivity:
    • Benzyl chloride is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air.
    • It is hazardous when exposed to fire, high temperatures, or oxidants, as it may explode or burn.
    • It can decompose rapidly when heated in the presence of iron.
    • Upon hydrolysis, it generates benzyl alcohol.
  6. Toxicity and Hazard Information:
    • Benzyl chloride is toxic and has potential carcinogenic properties. Animal studies have shown positive results, while human studies are inconclusive.
    • It is mutagenic to microorganisms.
    • Eye contact may cause permanent damage, including protein denaturation of the conjunctiva and cornea.
    • Skin contact can result in burns, and pain, and severe cases may lead to blisters, redness, or dermatitis.
    • Inhalation of high concentrations of its vapor can cause respiratory inflammation and even lung edema.
    • Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal irritation, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and central nervous system depression.
  7. Storage and Handling:
    • Benzyl chloride should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated warehouse.
    • It should be kept away from fire, and heat sources, and should not be exposed to temperatures exceeding 30°C or relative humidity exceeding 70%.
    • The packaging must be sealed and kept dry.
    • It should be stored separately from oxidants, metal powders, alcohols, and food chemicals.
    • Appropriate fire-fighting equipment should be available.
    • Emergency handling equipment and suitable containment materials should be prepared in the storage area.

In summary, benzyl chloride is a colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid with distinct chemical properties, including its solubility, physical constants, reactivity, toxicity, and storage requirements. Proper handling and storage are crucial to ensure safety.

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